ࡱ>  gi^_`abcdef'` JbjbjLULU 2.?.?J       J4P, ~_H* 2 d;\0bHdHdHdHdHdHdH$ JhuLH H  H  bHbH*  +  Tb[ Z++H0Hp+MM,+M +HHHH~_~_~_d~_~_~_" Tv F       Land Use Planning Research Scoping Study Final Report February 2000  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\pieda_logo.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET  Marchmount House Dumfries Place Cardiff CF10 3RJ Tel: 029 2026 2244 Fax: 020 2026 2248 Also at: Belfast, Birmingham, Bristol, Edinburgh, Leeds, London, Manchester, Newcastle and Reading  CONTENTS Executive Summary Introduction ʶ Policy Framework Comparable Evidence From Other Research Programmes Consultation Findings Proposed Framework Management Organisation And Delivery Of Research Appendices Planning Research Database List Of Project Consultees Review Of Contributions To Emeging Public Policy In Wales Membership Of The Planning Forum  Executive Summary Background to the project i. The creation of the National Assembly for Wales provides a new political context and places an emphasis on the delivery of planning policy that is distinctive and directly relevant to the needs of Wales. In response to the creation of the Assembly, a range of strategic documents have been issued and initiatives underway by both the National Assembly and other bodies with an all-Wales remit. Within this context, DTZ Pieda Consulting was appointed to prepare a Scoping Study to provide a research/information base to inform the development of a distinctive land use planning policy framework. Specific requirements of the project included:  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Examination of current and emerging land use issues and research areas;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Comparisons with land use issues in the other parts of the UK and Ireland;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Prioritise research needs;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Prepare a database of existing research; and  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Propose a management structure for the ʶ Planning Research Programme. Objectives ii. Extensive consultation was carried out with key planning practitioners and other professionals. This identified four key objectives for land use planning research: - Focus on genuinely distinctive ʶ issues; Support the use of planning policy; Provide management information for land use planning policy development; and Develop best practice guidance. Summary of Findings iii. Land use planning research has a key role to play in supporting the development of policy and improving the functioning of the planning system within the contextual characteristics of Wales. The consultation exercise identified three long term themes for land use planning research: - Sustainable Development Including the need to sustain the identity of ʶ community life; promote social inclusion; manage the potential for conflict between economic development and maintaining / improving the environmental assets of Wales; and promoting a sustainable settlement structure and addressing minerals and waste planning. Rural Planning - Including the scope for introducing greater flexibility in policy to promote alternative forms of economic activity / sustainable development patterns; and improving accessibility to rural services. Spatial Planning Opportunities for the planning system to enhance co-ordination between the wide range of emerging strategic documents and initiatives; the extent to which the Assembly leads or encourages local authorities in developing sub-regional guidance; responding to pressures facing the coastline; and reviewing the implications of the European Spatial Development Programme. iv. In order to contribute to the development of base information on land use planning, these themes are supported by the need to: 1. Improve the planning knowledge database- Developing a land use database; monitoring the effectiveness of the planning process; and developing a database of research activities. 2. Improve functioning of the planning system- Including research into the relationship of planning to other areas of public policy; how planning interfaces with the democratic process; and the application of best value principles. Approach to research v. Short term research should focus on existing areas of concern such as identified gaps or urgent issues, whilst looking to undertake policy development based research in the medium to longer term. In order to maximise the use of available resources, opportunities for progressing collaborative research (and for building on established relationships with the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions) should be fully appraised. vi. Research must focus on promoting the positive role of planning in supporting policy priorities of the Assembly, ensuring a clear spatial dimension to policy in order to promote joined up thinking and develop ʶ policy guidance and advice. Management of the research programme vii. Initially a high proportion (e.g. 90%) of available resources should be directed towards in-house needs in order to assist in managing an effective land use planning system. Over time this may reduce as more collaborative research is undertaken. viii. Immediate tasks facing the Assembly involve the production of revised planning guidance and advice on a number of specific issues. These requirements are reflected in the dedication of resources to research objectives and themes. ix. In terms of project formulation, the report recommends that an annual round of bids for funding is held involving all branches of the Division. These bids would be prioritised into a programme of research. Past experience indicates that such an approach is likely to ensure that the objectives of the research will be met. x. The nature of planning research will require the day to day involvement of the Divisions planning policy staff. Over time we believe that consideration should be given towards a Central Research Function covering all research programmes and serving the whole of the Assembly in order to encourage cross cutting research and the type of joined up thinking which the Assembly promotes. Dissemination xi. The effective dissemination of research is important and we believe that use should be made of electronic media including the development of a planning research page on the Assembly web site. Reviewing the Process xii. It is recommended that separate reviews are prepared for each project in order to contribute to improving research management over time. Periodic reviews of the programme as a whole should be undertaken every three years.  1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Context 1.1.1 The National Assembly for Wales was created on the 1st July 1999 following the transfer of devolved powers and responsibilities from the Secretary of State for Wales. The Assembly provides a new political context for Wales and is responsible for determining the allocation and prioritisation of funds made available from the Treasury. The Assembly has the power to develop and implement policy in a wide range of areas including town and country planning, economic development, highways, housing and education and training. Four guiding principles have been established, within the framework of which all policy must be developed and implemented as set out below: - Partnership-with business, local government, the voluntary sector, maintaining links with Whitehall and the other devolved administrations, and developing the profile of Wales in Europe. Inclusive- promoting social inclusion and equal opportunity, and focusing resources to tackle the problems of those with the greatest need. Strategic-setting overall but simple frameworks within which others can deliver locally, and establish targets against which performance can be assessed. Good Government-assess value added and effectiveness of policies and Government programmes, simplify and rationalise them wherever possible, and ensuring that delivery is cross functional wherever appropriate.  1.1.2 Within these guiding principles, all policies and programmes must be brought forward in line with the following priorities:-  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Better Job Opportunities reduce disparities within Wales, develop improved job opportunities through raising the quality of jobs, develop more value added processes, ensure a high quality environment, and promote the ʶ culture and language.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Better Education improving standards of attainment, better linking of education and training with economic and social inclusion.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Better Health tackle the underlying causes of ill health and reduce disparities, focus on health problems relating to poverty and lack of opportunity, reduce inaccessibility of access to services, and develop a debate on future health service provision.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Better Quality of Life pursue the principles of sustainable development, enhance environmental quality, support communities, ensure access to a decent home, good public transport and local facilities and freedom from crime, and provide support for people in time of need.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Best Value ensure value for money with better and more efficient services. 1.1.3 The Assembly must also ensure that policies and programmes are brought forward within the context of their statutory requirements, including the scheme of sustainable development, equality of opportunity, voluntary sector, the partnership with local government, the need to consult with business, human rights obligations and the need for regulatory appraisal. 1.1.4 The combined implication of these principles, priorities and statutory duties will lead to a strong emphasis on delivering planning policy which is distinctive and directly relevant to the needs of Wales. It is within this context that planning research must be framed. Land Use Planning 1.1.5 The land use planning system regulates the development and use of land in the public interest and in doing so should reconcile the requirements of development and conservation in order to best promote sustainable development. In performing this role, the planning system can guide, encourage, control and co-ordinate patterns of development over time. The preparation of up to date flexible and deliverable policy at the national and local level will allow the system to effectively guide and encourage development. Relevant up-to-date policy guidance when considered with the implications of Section 54a of the 1990 Town and Country Planning Act allows effective development control in the public interest. The opportunity for planning to take a co-ordinating role in formulating public policy was widely recognised during the consultation process. Organisation of Planning Division 1.1.6 The Division provides the framework for the planning system in Wales and undertakes a wide range of planning policy development and casework. It is responsible for decision work in relation to called-in, recovered and specialist appeals, and other planning and associated casework. The Division delivers the cartographic service for the Assembly. With a total of 57 staff (including 21 in the CartoGraphic Unit) the Division comprises 5 branches. Branches P1-4 1.1.7 These branches develop planning policy, liase on research, issue planning policy guidance and minerals policy guidance, and keep under review the guidance, regulations, and codes of practice for development plans and development control as appropriate to Wales. 1.1.8 They deal with decisions on call-ins and with the more complex appeal and decision work, and maintain oversight of the Planning Inspectorate (PINS) Agencys work in Wales, monitoring its performance and expenditure. 1.1.9 Liaison is maintained with the 25 local planning authorities (22 unitary authorities and 3 national park authorities) in order to support and guide their work on development plans so that they are in accord with national planning policy. The Division undertakes environmental assessment work related to called-in applications and other planning cases. CartoGraphics (P5) 1.1.10 The CartoGraphics branch provides cartographic, Geographic Information System, Map Library, Graphics, Land Use Records, Air Photography, and desk top publishing services across the Assembly. 1.2 Terms of Reference 1.2.1 The Scoping Study specification stated that the overall aim of the work is to provide a research/information base to inform the development of a distinctive planning policy framework for Wales. In satisfying this aim, research must be of specific relevance to Wales and should not duplicate any other research that could be applied in a ʶ context. The specific objectives of the study were: to examine current and emerging land use issues and identify key research areas within them which will assist the development of a viable and relevant planning policy framework for Wales, and which reflects the principles and priorities of the work of the National Assembly for Wales; to compare and contrast current and emerging land use planning issues in Wales with any comparable research in other parts of the UK and Ireland; to prioritise research needs into a coherent programme of planning research; to prepare an easily maintainable database of recent planning research (completed or in progress) of relevance to the development of planning policy in Wales; to propose a method for the efficient management of the WPRP taking into account such factors as cost effectiveness, quality assurance and monitoring. 1.3 Approach to Work 1.3.1 In order to meet the specific requirements of the brief, a staged approach has been followed in progressing the study. Stage One incorporated a review of research requirements in order to gain an understanding of land use change, operation of policy and opportunities for developing new policies of relevance to Wales. As part of this exercise we undertook a review of current planning policy guidance relevant to Wales in order to identify where key issues and tensions arise. A desk based review of other planning research programmes in the UK and Europe was also undertaken. 1.3.2 Stage Two involved an audit of current research activity being undertaken or planned in relation to land use planning issues in Wales. The review was focused on Government Departments, agencies, universities / colleges and professional bodies. The results of this audit have been assimilated within a computer spreadsheet identifying current research interests by topic. A copy of this is incorporated at Appendix I of this report and will be provided in disc format with the final submission. 1.3.3 Stage Three involved a series of face to face and telephone interviews with a number of organisations and Assembly officers in order to establish views on planning research requirements in Wales, address procedures for identifying research needs and priorities and consider mechanisms for managing and delivering a research programme. A full schedule of consultees is incorporated at Appendix II of this report. 1.3.4 Stage Four involved the preparation of a draft statement taking account of the findings of our initial consultation exercise. The draft statement was based on the recommendation of the Office of Chief Scientist that Government research programmes are based on ROAME (Rationale, Objectives, Appraisals, Monitoring, and Evaluation) statement aims. These statements address the rationale for funding the programme, objectives of the programme, appraisal procedures, monitoring progress and delivery of work and the approach to evaluating the success of the programme in meeting its objectives. At Stage Five, the draft ROAME statement was used as the basis for a workshop consultation exercise with officers of the Assembly and the wider planning community. 1.3.5 Stage Six involves the preparation and submission of the final draft report. A dissemination seminar presentation was held on January 25th 2000. 1.4 Structure of the Report 1.4.1 The draft report aims to address the key objectives of the National Assembly in commissioning this project. Section Two of the report appraises the policy framework in Wales of relevance to the land use planning system, reviews ʶ planning instruments and outlines issues arising from the policy framework. 1.4.2 Section Three draws best practice guidance from other research programmes operated by the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions the Scottish Executive, Northern Ireland Assembly, Assembly Divisions and other bodies in Wales. 1.4.3 Section Four addresses key themes, identifies distinctive ʶ issues, key research topics and organisational/management issues arising from the consultation process and concludes with a summary of consensus. 1.4.4 Section Five sets out the proposed research framework including the rationale and objective of research, key themes and priorities. 1.4.5 Section Six addresses the organisation and delivery of the research programme in the short and longer term. As part of this, proposal management structures, resourcing, procurement, monitoring, evaluation and the dissemination/use of research findings are reviewed.  2. WELSH POLICY FRAMEWORK 2.1 Context 2.1.1 The objective of this section is to review policy development in Wales both within the Assembly and external sources and its relationship to land use planning. Prior and subsequent to the formation of the Assembly, a range of new policy guidance has been prepared in order to inform the development of future policies for Wales. 2.1.2 Emerging policy guidance includes, amongst others, the framework for a National Housing Strategy, the ʶ Transport Policy Statement, the National Economic Development Strategy and the Statement by the Rural Partnership. In addition to this guidance a range of policy statements have been prepared by other organisations acting on an all Wales basis including the Countryside Council for Wales, the ʶ Development Agency, the Confederation of British Industry and the Royal Town Planning Institute. A brief review of relevant policy documents and their key linkages to land use planning is incorporated at Appendix III. 2.2 ʶ Planning Guidance 2.2.1 Planning guidance in Wales is provided at a number of distinct levels. Primary legislation is incorporated within the Town and Country Planning Act 1990, the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 and the Planning (Hazardous Substances) Act 1990. These Acts have been amended by the Planning and Compensation Act, 1991. Provisions relating to the establishment of unitary authorities and the associated requirement to produce unitary development plans are contained in the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994. 2.2.2 The main instruments of sub-ordinate legislation are the Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) Order 1995, the Town and Country Planning (General Development Procedure) Order 1995, the Town and Country Planning (Use Classes Order) 1987, the Town and Country Planning (Development Plan) Regulations 1991 and the Town and Country Planning General Regulations 1992. 2.2.3 On an all-Wales level Planning Guidance (Wales): Planning Policy (First Revision) issued in 1999 immediately preceded the establishment of the National Assembly. The Guidance gave the Assembly a clear policy framework for the discharge of its planning functions. Planning Guidance (Wales): Planning Policy is supported by a series of 18 Technical Advice Notes (Wales) (TANs) providing detailed technical guidance on key issues. Procedural planning advice is provided in ʶ Office circulars and Planning Guidance (Wales): Unitary Development Plans, issued in 1996. 2.2.4 Planning Guidance (Wales): Planning Policy identifies a number of primary principles:  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET The planning system should regulate the development and use of land in the public interest. It should reconcile the needs of development and conservation, and secure economy, efficiency and amenity in the use of land, and protect natural resources thereby contributing to sustainable developments.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Sustainable development the Governments vision of sustainable development is based on the objectives of maintaining high and stable levels of economic growth in employment, social progress which recognises the needs of everyone, the effective protection of the environment and prudent use of natural resources. The Assembly has a duty to make a scheme setting out how it proposes to promote sustainable development.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET The environment.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Europe.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET The development plan and material considerations.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Other legislation.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Joint working.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET ʶ language.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Economic considerations.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Social considerations.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Environmental considerations 2.2.5 Within these primary principles, the document provides specific land-use planning guidance on the conservation of the natural and built environment, the coast, green belts, transport and infrastructure, housing, economic development, control of outdoor advertisements, tourism, sport and recreation, energy, waste treatment and disposal, land reclamation, unstable land, contaminated land flood risk and pollution. As already noted, the policy guidance is supported by detailed technical advice on a subject by subject basis within the Technical Advice Notes (Wales) series. 2.2.6 Planning Guidance (Wales) needs to be kept up-to-date to reflect the principles, statutory duties and priorities of the Assembly, and a second review of Planning Guidance (Wales): Planning Policy is being undertaken. To develop effective planning policy in Wales policies which take account of ʶ circumstances and needs full use needs to be made of partnership with local government, business and the voluntary sector. A Planning Forum has been set up which includes a wide range of organisations. One of the main objectives of the Forum is to provide timely, practical and expert advice on the second revision of Planning Guidance (Wales): Planning Policy. It will report to the Assembly Secretary for Local Government and the Environment in July 2000. The terms of reference of the Forum are set out below and the membership attached at Appendix IV:  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET To inform the development of strategic land-use planning policy, taking account of the values and priorities of the National Assembly for Wales;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET To provide timely, practical and expert advice to the Assembly Secretary and the Executive, in the preparation of the second revision of Planning Guidance (Wales): Planning Policy;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET To provide strategic advice on the scope, content and priorities of the Wales Planning Research Programme;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET To provide a report with recommendations on the above to the Assembly Secretary for Local Government and Environment by July 2000. 2.2.7 Development plan coverage is provided by structure plans prepared by the former county authorities, a range of area/district wide local plans and minerals local plans. In terms of progression of Unitary Development Plans, only one has been through inquiry and a further eight placed on consultation. This in part reflects the approach taken by many authorities prior to commencing research and implementation of UDPs. Plans should guide development for 15 years and provide a clear policy framework within which provision can be made for development in conservation needs. Part 1 of the UDP should provide a written statement of the authoritys strategic policies and other use of land in the area and provide a context and framework for the more detailed policies and proposals incorporated at Part II. At the time of issuing Planning Guidance (Wales) it was envisaged that each authority would have an adopted UDP in place by 2000. 2.2.8 At a regional level, voluntary working arrangements are encouraged by PG (Wales) and have been embraced by planning authorities. 2.3 Issues Arising from Policy Background 2.3.1 The formation of the National Assembly and the opportunity to develop distinctive policy guidance has led to the formulation of a range of policy documents on key issues both from within the Assembly itself and other organisations. Common themes within the policy statements include the need to promote sustainable development and economic prosperity. 2.3.2 Much of the emerging guidance is non-spatial in content and it has been widely recognised by consultees that an opportunity exists for the planning system to provide a spatial context for this guidance. In respect of this opportunity, spatial guidance should provide information which will be used to inform planning policy. Mapping of land use patterns, physical constraints (such as contamination) and land related assets will be useful in providing a sound basis for development of both location specific and topically based policy.  3.0 COMPARABLE EXPERIENCE FROM OTHER RESEARCH PROGRAMMES 3.1 Department of the Environment, Transport and Regions 3.1.1 The Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions land use planning research programme is the largest of government run planning research programme in the UK. The programme operates on a budget of between 1.75m and 2.0m per annum, funding around 20 projects each year. Projects cover a range of topical and geographically based issues relevant to the whole of the UK. As part of this process, representatives of this planning division are consulted on research projects. Information available regarding the 1999 programme states that published research covers a wide range of themes including retail and sustainability issues. Projects cover research into: monitoring existing policy; improving the effectiveness of existing policy; informing the development of land use planning policy; and improving the land use planning database. 3.1.2 Project tendering is run on the basis of expressions of interest that are received in response to the annual publication of a research programme. A summary of the 1999/2000 research programme is found on the DETR website. 3.2 Scottish Executive 3.2.1 The Scottish Executive Planning and Countryside Research Programme has been running for a number of years and is focused on issues of relevance to Scotland. The most recently available information relating to the 1998 Programme confirmed that eight research topics had been addressed with research findings published, three further studies due to shortly be published, seven studies in progress and a further three programmes still to be commissioned. Published research covered a wide range of themes including a Review of Development Plans in Scotland, Good Practice in Rural Development, office development trends and retailing planning issues. Research has been undertaken by a range of organisations including academic institutes, private consultants and a combination of the two. 3.2.2 All land use planning research undertaken by the Scottish Executive is co-ordinated by a Central Development Department Programme. In addition to land use planning, the programme also covers transportation, housing, area regeneration and local government. The programme is also responsible for research into wider objectives including sustainable development and social exclusion. The Executive-wide programme has an annual budget of slightly over 1million part of which is allocated to planning. 3.2.3 In undertaking research, key procedural objectives include the need to promote cross cutting and where practicable secure added value by securing joint funding. A summary of research themes and reports is available on the Scottish Executives web site. 3.3 Northern Ireland 3.3.1 The Central Statistics and Research branch of the Central Policy and Management Unit of the recently formed Northern Ireland Assembly is responsible for co-ordinating and managing research. Key areas of research include transport statistics, housing and construction, environment and road safety. 3.4 Universities in Wales 3.4.1 The University of Wales is involved in undertaking research into a range of planning related fields. The Institute of Rural Studies, Aberystwyth organises research into life sciences, social sciences and organic farming. Key research areas of relevance to the land use planning system include environmental conservation/management and the social/economic development of sustainable communities. On the basis of our investigations, it appears that research is brought forward on a project by project basis. 3.4.2 Research activities undertaken by the Department of City and Regional Planning at Cardiff University are divided into themes relating to the environment, urban and regional governance, spatial analysis and housing and the built environment. Each of the groups undertakes reactive research (in response to invitations to tender for projects) and proactive research. Proactive research is brought forward within a strategy plan prepared by each group which is then circulated to interested parties in order to secure partnership funding. Bids are also made to research councils for project funding. The University Internet site incorporates information on research activities 3.4.3 Other Colleges of University of Wales and the University of Glamorgan have experience in legal, environmental and planning matters. 3.5 Approach of other Assembly Divisions to Research 3.5. Our consultations have confirmed that other Assembly Divisions are actively involved in research programmes. For example, the Environmental Research and Monitoring Programme focuses around seven key research themes. The objectives of the programme are to support environmental policy, provide information for decision making and provide information to guide the future development of environmental policy in Wales. The programme aims to complement research undertaken by other Government Departments and ensure that by collaborative funding, added value is secured and specific ʶ issues studied. In bringing forward the research programme, we understand that the input of other Divisions is sought, as appropriate in order to maximise potential benefits from cross-cutting. 3.5.2 The Framework for a National Housing Strategy for Wales confirms that an audit of programmes in Wales has been undertaken and that some research projects have already started. The results of the audit will be used to assist in informing a programme of research to fill existing gaps in order to ensure effective policy development. In addition to this, a brownfield research project is also underway. 3.6 Approach of other all-Wales bodies 3.6.1 The remainder of this chapter reviews the approach to undertaking research of other all Wales bodies. The section draws on information where available and is not therefore exhaustive. Rural Partnership 3.6.2 The statement by the Rural Partnership notes a number of key issues to be addressed within a research programme:-  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET how can planning policy recognise rural diversity in Wales;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET how can sustainable development including sustainable transport be made more relevant to Wales;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET should indicators be developed for rural planning and what should they be;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET should developments such as permaculture be encouraged and regulated in the planning process;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET should permitted development rights be amended;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET could more development contributing to economic development be allowed in rural areas;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET what information is required to inform future policy;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET how can communities be involved in the planning process;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET how can rural bio-diversity and the fabric of the countryside best be protected and enhanced; 3.6.3 The statement notes that a Scoping Study is being undertaken by the Assembly and that there should be a partnership approach to addressing the issues. Environment Agency 3.6.4 The Agency has an extensive research programme focusing on monitoring the state of the environment, and options for reacting to changing circumstances. The overall aim of the research is to deliver a better quality environment in the short, medium and longer term. The Agency recognises the need to undertake short, medium and longer term projects in reacting to identified pressures. Research projects are organised into a priority list with most studies being undertaken in partnership with MAFF and other environmental agencies. The agency employs dedicated staff to manage the research programme alongside mainstream staff who add value in understanding the context for research. Countryside Council for Wales 3.6.5 The Countryside Council for Wales is involved in a range of research programmes including land use, planning and spatial analysis, managing the countryside, people and the environment and valuing the environment and quality of life. Within each theme a number of specific relevant topics are identified. The research strategy states the importance of cross cutting and employing a collaborative approach. RTPI 3.6.5 The RTPI amongst other responsibilities is chartered to maintain standards and increase knowledge. As part of this responsibility the Institute are involved in undertaking research on a number of key planning topics through a rolling programme of commissions. A series of panels (including within the context of Wales, the ʶ Planning Policy Panel) and working parties are also responsible for examining key issues and disseminating the findings.  4.0 CONSULTATION FINDINGS 4.1 Views of respondents on approach to planning research 4.1.1 As previously noted, a wide ranging consultation exercise involving Assembly officers and external consultees has been undertaken. A number of responses made by Assembly officials indicated that there is a clear recognition of the opportunity to develop planning policy of specific relevance to Wales. In this respect it is critical to ensure that research focuses on areas that are distinctively ʶ and where the Assembly is capable of delivering solutions in order to maximise the value of research. Further to this, officers noted a clear need to ensure cross cutting with both internal and external bodies in order to maximise the opportunity of adding value to the research programme and make best use of funding. 4.1.2 Non-Assembly consultees stated that the Assembly is the best placed organisation within Wales to co-ordinate and deliver a research programme and associated with this, maintain effective linkages with other organisations. It was also noted that the Assembly is the only body with the resources and capability to implement a Land Use Planning Research Programme and that such a programme would play an importance role in the devolution of decision making following the formulation of the Assembly. 4.1.3 In addition to the above issues, it was acknowledged that the land use planning system must provide the framework to address the complicated interaction of economic, social and environmental considerations. 4.1.4 In this respect, research is needed to:-  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  Focus on issues that are genuinely distinctive to Wales and not covered in other research programmes;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Analyse the use of planning policy in order to ensure that such guidance is applied correctly and identify responses to key policy issues and problems;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Provide management information for land use planning policy development in order to monitor the effectiveness of the system and measure land use changes (e.g. rates of greenfield / brownfield development or in town / out of town retail development);  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Develop best practice guidance on the role of planning.  4.1.5 In addition to this, it was noted that the establishment of a research programme will in itself contribute to developing a knowledge-based economy. 4.2 Identification of distinctively ʶ Planning issues 4.2.1 Our research has confirmed that land use patterns, decision making and cultural characteristics combine to provide a unique and distinctive range of issues facing the land use planning system in Wales. 4.1.2 The institutional framework for delivering planning policy in Wales is, as a result of the formulation of the Assembly, a key distinctive issue. The opportunity for the Assembly to significantly alter the delivery of planning through amendments to secondary legislation and national/local policy is an area that needs careful consideration. As previously noted, a range of policy drivers are emerging in Wales and the opportunity for the land use planning system to inform the development of such policy is also a key issue. 4.3 Key Topics for Research 4.3.1 Having carried out consultation, several issues emerged which have informed the drawing up of research objectives. There are landforms and cultural characteristics in Wales which influence the emphasis and priority which should be attached to key issues highlighted in consultation. 4.3.2 The predominantly rural nature of Wales combined with associated lifestyle has been identified as an important feature of ʶ life, yet is poorly considered in current land-use planning guidance. The recent rapid decline in the rural economy has highlighted the need to review future options, and to assess the implications for planning policy. In terms of urban areas, the fine-grain and distribution of settlements is a key characteristic. 4.3.3 Although these issues are not unique to Wales, consultation has demonstrated the wide spread nature and high level of importance attached to these characteristics in defining what is ʶ֒. Accordingly, these issues should set the context for any research programme. In the light of this objectives for research have been drawn into themes which will be developed in order to bring forward research projects that reflect the contextual characteristics of Wales. 4.3.4 The aim of the programme is to support the Assemblys objectives for the planning system by engaging in research which will guide development of sustainable and effective planning policy, facilitate guidance on good practice and ensure the monitoring and evaluation of plan policy and its associated implications. 4.3.5 Our consultation exercise has identified 5 themes: Sustainable Development; Rural Planning Policy; Spatial Planning; Improving the Planning Database; and Functioning of the Planning System. 4.3.6 Themes 1-3 focus on clearly identifiable areas of research, whilst Themes 4 and 5 are distinct in that their completion will provide base information for the other research themes and allow for the development of policy specifically focused on the needs and priorities of Wales. 4.3.7 In listing potential issues and topics for research, we have sought to give a flavour of the thematic approach and how this can be used to support the development and implementation of planning policies which contribute to the Assemblys priorities. It is not intended to be exhaustive, nor prescriptive. But it is essential that any research project can be clearly linked to one or more of the underlying objectives of the programme, namely:  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET supporting the development of ʶ planning policy which responds to the special needs and circumstances of Wales;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET contributing to the improved functioning of the planning system in Wales; and  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET enhancing the information base for managing and delivering planning in Wales. Sustainable Development 4.3.8 Lying at the heart of the Assemblys work, and widely accepted as part of the vision for the future of Wales, sustainable development is seen as being critical issue for planning policy in Wales. Whilst the benefits of promoting the concept of sustainable development are widely supported, there is general consensus that definitions and objectives are difficult to apply to the decision making process at the local level. Planning could play a key role in implementing a sustainable development strategy which reflects the particular physical, economic and cultural circumstances. Planning policy needs to:  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Deliver sustainable development in Wales in support of the Sustainable Development Scheme; and  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Create mechanisms to appraise plans and proposals. Key research themes should include:  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Sustaining the identity of ʶ community life and promoting social inclusion through planning  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET This reflects a concern to ensure that planning supports the presentation and promotion of the ʶ language, and helps to maintain distinctive rural and valley communities.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET The role which planning can play in ensuring that everyone has access to a full range of opportunities and services is seen as important in tackling problems of social exclusion.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Managing the potential for conflict between the economic development imperative and maintaining/improving the environmental assets of Wales.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET This lies at the heart of the Assemblys remit to provide sustainable development. In the short term there is a need to ensure that the availability of Objective 1 funding does not lead to unsustainable forms of development. Yet in the longer term there is a need to examine whether or not and how planning can help promote sustainable communities in rural Wales and the valleys based upon new models of low impact development, drawn from elsewhere in Europe (e.g. Scandinavia) in response to pressure for rural change.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Promoting a settlement structure and pattern of development which promotes sustainability  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET There is a need to examine applicability of essentially urban planning approaches across much of Wales where the challenge is to maintain access to a range of services and promote economic development.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Of particular significance is the relationship between planning and transport policy, in particular unitary development plans and local transport plans as part of the development of integrated transport.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Achieving a more sustainable approach to minerals and waste planning  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Land use planning has an important role to play in promoting a more sustainable approach to minerals and waste planning in Wales. For minerals planning there is a need to improve the information base to establish alternative sources of supply to sea dredged aggregates, whether through recycling or land based resources. It has to be recognised, however, that obtaining basic information on the supply and demand of mineral resources can be a costly exercise. This suggests the need for a collaborative approach to such research.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET In relation to waste planning there is a need to undertake research to support the development of the Assemblys waste strategy led by the Environment Division.  Rural Planning 4.3.9 A strong theme emerging from the consultations has been the need to develop a distinctive planning policy response in the face of pressures for change in rural Wales. Such is the depth of concern over the future of agriculture in Wales that we believe that devising an appropriate rural planning framework should be a research theme in its own right. In addition to this, many rural issues are also key considerations in terms of sustainable development. Particular research topics which have been suggested for consideration include:  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET The scope for introducing greater flexibility in planning policy to promote alternative forms of economic activity in the countryside including home working and change of use for redundant agricultural buildings. This could examine the need for changes in secondary legislation;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET The development of a more flexible planning policy framework to promote a sustainable pattern of development in remote rural areas;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Identifying ways in which planning can support the maintenance of access to services in rural areas. Spatial Planning 4.3.10 Consultees have indicated that much of the emerging public policy is seen as non-spatial and that planning should play an important role in ensuring that there is a strong spatial dimension to the work of the Assembly. In this regard planning can assist in enhancing co-ordination between the wide range of strategic documents and initiatives emerging from the Assembly. Discussion also focused on the need for a tier of guidance between national policy and emerging UDPs in order to improve linkages and provide a context for emerging public policy and Part I UDPs. At the all-Wales level consultees have highlighted the particular pressures facing the coastline from a number of sources. There is also a perceived need to take into account the relationship of planning guidance for Wales with that emerging in England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Europe, including the European Spatial Development Perspective Specific research areas include  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Opportunities for the planning system to assist in enhancing co-ordination between the wide range of strategic documents and initiatives emerging from the Assembly;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET The extent to which the Assembly leads or encourages local authorities in the development of regional guidance. Some consultees have expressed a desire for the Assembly to provide updated population and household forecasts as a basis for forward planning;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Data collection exercises for areas facing particular pressures, such as competition for housing land or strategic employment sites;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Research which could underpin the production of specific advice on coastal planning and management  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Prepare spatial planning guidance taking account of development of planning policy in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Europe, working towards a ʶ Spatial Development Perspective. Improving the planning knowledge base 4.3.11 The objective of this theme is to improve and strengthen the Assemblys planning research and information database, providing an information source which will inform all other research undertaken. Priority should be given to ensuring that maximum use is made of existing data sources before embarking on potentially expensive data collection exercises. With the possible exception of minerals planning where there appear to be special data collection needs, there must be a concerted effort to make maximum use of information from a variety of sources. This points to the need for a collaborative approach to information based research projects. Research issues include:-  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Developing and maintaining a database of research being undertaken by the Assembly and other organisations;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Developing a land use database;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Systematically and selectively monitoring the effectiveness of the planning process and consistency of decision making;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Monitoring changing land use patterns by form of development, including minerals. Functioning of the planning system 4.3.12 Improving the functioning of the planning system lies at the heart of the Governments Modernising Planning agenda. In this regard it will be important to complement work being undertaken by the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions. 4.3.13 The creation of the National Assembly has given Wales an opportunity to develop policy tailored towards local needs. Areas of research within this theme focus on the planning process and current gaps in policy. The relationship of planning to other areas of public policy is a key issue. Research themes have been grouped under the following issues:-  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Improving the relationship of planning to other areas of public policy. Fundamental to this is the differing timeframes involved in preparing planning and other policy documents. This makes it difficult for planning to provide the long term perspective which is its essence. This points to the need to streamline the process of preparing strategic planning policy (UDP Part 1);  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Much of the delay associated with the preparation of UDPs reflects the requirement for public consultation. There is a case for examining the interface with the democratic process, particularly given the new best practice approach to Government being promoted by the Assembly;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET In the short term much of the focus of attention will be upon the application of best value principles to planning. This may be an area where the Assembly could assist local authorities in developing a coherent and consistent level of indicators for measuring the performance of the land use planning system. Ideally these need to focus as much on the outcome of development planning and control processes as on day-to-day performance;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET During our consultations it has been suggested that consideration might be given to amending secondary legislation (permitted development rights) to allow the planning system to concentrate upon those areas where it can make a positive contribution. In this regard there is a strong perception that the current and potential role of planning needs to be highlighted amongst decision makers at both national and local level;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET The need to promote sustainable and beneficial brownfield development, including accessibility, assessment of deliverability in promoting sites through the UDP process and options for bringing forward mixed use / tenure schemes in order to set a framework for social inclusion;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Assess methods for improving community participation in the planning process, including the use of community plans;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Address the current lack of flexible design guidance and standards capable of assisting the development of mixed use proposals;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Assess how Assembly investment can be targeted to support the sustainable development agenda (location of hospitals etc.). 4.4 Organisation and Management of Issues Arising 4.4.1 Officers of the Assembly recognised that in comparison to the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions research programme, the Assembly planning research budget is relatively small and therefore strong linkages must still be maintained with other bodies in order to maximise the use of funding and add value to the programme. There is a need to ensure that research is independent and clearly focused on addressing issues relevant to the Assemblys priorities. There was clear support from Assembly officers for managing and directing projects in their respective areas of expertise, but not for undertaking research themselves. 4.4.2 In appointing bodies to undertake research, there was support for the use of a retained panel of organisations to implement short-term projects. However, there was a consensus view that appropriate skills should be applied on a project by project basis and associated with this that organisations should be engaged on the basis of best value rather than competitive tendering. 4.4.3 There was also agreement that in the short term, planning research should address existing areas of concern (such as gaps in research or current hot issues) leaving the option open for an element of more visionary policy development in the medium to longer term. 4.4.4 It was also suggested that an over-arching Panel should be established to monitor priorities and progress of research and co-ordinate the dissemination and evaluation of research. 4.4.5 Non-Assembly consultees said that there is a need for clear political ownership of the planning system in Wales and questioned the relatively low priority given to planning in comparison to other functions of the Assembly. It was also noted that current resource levels would probably not be adequate to manage and deliver the programme. 4.4.6 In order to add value, the programme should be innovative both in terms of funding and opportunities to promote match funding. The relationship of planning to wider areas of ʶ policy should also be given careful consideration in the management of a research programme. 4.4.7 Research carried out as part of the programme should be clearly linked to planning policy objectives approved by the Wales Planning Research Programme (WPRP) Steering Panel. 4.4.8 The timing for delivering research projects must be considered. Within the main framework of the programme, research will be undertaken on core themes on a prioritised basis as identified within the objectives. This will generally be focused on medium term projects. Longer term research could also be undertaken in order to determine how best to promote the future strategic development of Wales. Sufficient flexibility should be built into the WPRP to undertake short term responsive research as necessary. This short term programme will comprise of, one off projects designed to tackle unforeseen issues as these arise. 4.5 Summary of Consultations 4.5.1 Our consultation exercise has confirmed a general consensus of opinion over the key strategic issues to be addressed in bringing forward a ʶ Planning Research Programme. The Programme will need to focus strongly on filling the gaps on distinctive ʶ issues whilst also effectively tapping into other research programmes to effectively add value to the programme. 4.5.2 The identified research themes cover a broad range of issues and there is a clear need to address what sustainable development means in a ʶ context and how the planning system can operate toensure its delivery whilst also providing a framework for other areas of emerging public policy.  5.0 PROPOSED RESEARCH FRAMEWORK 5.1 Context 5.1.1 The previous sections of this report have established:  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET the changing context within which the land use planning system in Wales is required to operate, as a result of the establishment of the National Assembly;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET the emergence of a range of policy themes and initiatives to which the land use planning system needs to respond positively;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET the role which planning research can play in supporting the development and implementation of policy at both national and regional level;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET the broad consensus of opinion which exists over the distinctive nature of the issues to be faced in developing and implementing land use planning in Wales. 5.1.2 These findings provide a clear rationale for the National Assembly for Wales funding a programme of land use planning research. The underlying aim of this should be to ensure the development and management of an effective system of land use planning which supports the stated priorities for Wales. 5.1.3 In some cases the linkage between planning and the Assemblys priorities is direct for example in relation to providing land for economic development, and promoting sustainable patterns of development. In other areas, the relationship is less clear. However, the essential nature of planning is long term through its influence over the location, scale, nature and timing of land use change and development in the public interest. In this regard planning policy needs to both inform and reflect the Assemblys vision of Wales as a place to live, work, play and invest. 5.1.4 The development and implementation of land use planning policy in Wales takes place within the framework of primary legislation for England and Wales. While the basic principles of the plan led system will remain in place, the Government is reviewing its operation as part of its Modernising Planning agenda. This is aimed at addressing the changing policy environment, including the developing European and regional dimension, streamlining the development plan process and applying best value to the delivery of planning services. 5.1.5 Many of the changes emerging from this process, which is being led by the DETR and is reflected in their research priorities, are directly relevant to the ʶ Assembly. It is, therefore, important that links are maintained and strengthened with the DETRs research programme to ensure that:  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET full account is taken of the planning environment in Wales in developing and implementing policy which could result in changes in primary legislation; and  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET that duplication of effort is avoided and experience shared in relation to common policy issues. 5.1.6 Against this background the rationale for planning research funded by the National Assembly should be to support the development and implementation of land use planning policy which responds to the distinctive circumstances which apply in Wales. This reflects the responsibility which has been devolved to the Assembly for managing the planning system in Wales, including:  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET powers to enact secondary legislation;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET powers to influence the content of development plans;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET powers to intervene in and determine individual planning and related applications. 5.1.7 For the most part, however, the day-to-day responsibility for managing land use planning lies with local authorities. In this regard the Assemblys role is as much about encouragement and guidance as it is about regulation and control. The Assemblys land use planning research programme needs to reflect these circumstances focusing upon:  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET promoting the positive role of land use planning in supporting the policy priorities of the National Assembly and ensuring a clear spatial dimension to the work of the Assembly;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET updating and development of ʶ planning policy guidance and advice. In the short term the objective should be to ensure that guidance reflects the policy agenda of the Assembly. In the longer term research should be focused upon supporting the development of guidance and advice which is specific to the emerging policy framework in Wales. 5.1.18 Across all areas research needs to contribute to improved information base for planning decisions. In particular it needs to address:  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET areas where the absence of information on land use capability makes forward planning difficult. This particularly relates to the planning of minerals and the development of previously used (brownfield) land;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET information on land use change and development. Here the priority should be to make maximum use of existing sources of information, rather than embark on potentially expensive data gathering projects;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET improved management information on the performance of the land use planning system in Wales. This needs to be related to existing reporting and monitoring requirements and to the development of a coherent set of best value performance measures for planning in Wales. 5.1.9 This approach is reflected in the planning research framework set out in Figure 1 below. This demonstrates the need for the planning research programme to contribute to the achievement of the Assemblys priorities. Planning has a key role to play in finding a balance between economic development, environmental protection and quality of life objectives. Traditionally the role of planning has been seen as allowing trade-offs to be made between essentially conflicting objectives. However, the concept of sustainable development which lies at the heart of the Assemblys work seeks to deliver a new approach. Planning has the potential to play a key role in this regard.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\research_themes.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET  5.1.10 Through the development of a strong spatial dimension to its policies, planning also has a role in promoting joined up thinking through co-ordination with other areas of the Assemblys work. For this reason it is recommended that the Assemblys planning research framework is developed on a thematic basis, taking into account the underlying objectives of:  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET supporting the development of a distinctive approach to planning policy which responds to the particular needs and circumstances in Wales;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET improving the functioning of the planning system in Wales. Ultimately this will mean the development of specific secondary legislation, although the immediate priority is to put in place updated planning policy guidance and advice;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET developing the information base to inform the management of the land use planning in Wales. 5.1.11 Clearly in devising and implementing its programme the Assembly will need to take account of the work of DETR with whom it shares common primary legislation, and the administrations in Scotland and Northern Ireland who face similar issues in managing devolved systems of land use planning in peripheral areas of the UK. In these circumstances the emphasis of planning research undertaken by the Assembly should be on distinctively ʶ issues thereby avoiding unnecessary duplication of effort and ensuring that the land use planning system in Wales addresses local needs and circumstances. 5.1.12 However, although a distinctively ʶ planning approach should underpin the programme of research, it is important that the system of planning in Wales should not diverge so much from the overall UK planning approach, that it becomes an obstacle to development and investment. 5.1.13 In considering the responses from consultees, there is strong agreement on the distinctive circumstances which planning needs to take into account in Wales. These relate to the unique features of Wales, in particular:  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET the ʶ language which reinforces cultural identity and strength of communities, especially in rural Wales and the Valleys;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET the juxtaposition of pressing economic need and high quality, protected environments;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET the unitary system of local government which is in place in Wales. This has led to a perceived weakness at the regional level. The regional groupings of local authorities are beginning to fill this gap;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET the legacy of nineteenth century industrialisation which has produced an ageing housing stock with high levels of owner occupation, often in locations with no significant economic base;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET the particular difficulties facing ʶ agriculture which has traditionally been based on small family firms, dependent upon livestock production;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET the economic differences which exists across Wales, giving rise to very different local political priorities. 5.1.14 While some of these issues face other parts of the UK, the particular set of circumstances prevailing in Wales suggest the need for the development and implementation of a clear planning response. Based on our consultations we believe that the Assemblys planning research programme should be developed around the following three themes:  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET sustainable development;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET spatial planning;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET rural planning policy. 5.1.15 These themes encompass the issues which have emerged from our consultation as being of particular importance to planning in Wales, and are likely to remain priority areas for policy development over the next three to five years. The development of the research programme on this thematic basis will help to give coherence to what could otherwise become a somewhat disparate programme of research focused upon short term imperatives rather than long term policy goals. In recommending this approach, however, planning research needs to have a clear policy customer and a precise set of aims and objectives.  6 MANAGEMENT ORGANISATION AND DELIVERY OF THE PLANNING RESEARCH PROGRAMME 6.1 Managing the Programme 6.1.1 Following the framework set out in the previous section, this final section of the report contains our recommendation for how the Wales Planning Research Programme should be structured and managed. 6.2 Size and Structure of Programme 6.2.1 It is currently anticipated that the Wales Planning Research Programme will involve annual expenditure (2000/01) of approximately 300,000. This represents a substantial increase from sums previously devoted to planning research in Wales and reflects the acceptance of the case for research in support of a rapidly developing policy agenda. The main purpose of this programme will be to assist the officials of the Planning Division and members of the Assembly in their task of managing an effective land use planning system for Wales. 6.2.2 While opportunities may exist to use the monies available to match other contributors, we believe that initially at least a high proportion of available resources, say 90%, should be directed towards in-house research needs. Over time this proportion may reduce as more collaborative research is undertaken. This might be as follows: Proportion devoted to assembly research Proportion Devoted to Collaborative Research 2000/01 90 10 2001/02 85 15 2002/03 80 20 6.2.3 In developing the programme account needs to be given to the balance between the three main themes. The suggested allocations are not intended to be prescriptive but to assist in the process of programme formulation. In practice it is likely that adjustments will be required in the precise allocation of resources depending upon the specific research proposals arising. 6.2.4 In making our suggested allocations we are seeking to reflect the immediate tasks facing the Assemblys Planning Division. These involve the production of revised planning policy guidance and the development of advice in relation to a number of specific issues. This is reflected below both in relation to research objectives and the proposed themes. Research ObjectivesResearch ThemesInformation 25% Sustainable Development 35% Functioning of system 50% Spatial Planning 40% Policy Development 25% Rural Planning 25%  6.2.5 Once again, over time we can envisage some changes in the balance of the programme. However at this stage our recommendations reflect:  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET the need to focus early attention on the updating of planning policy guidance and advice.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET the need to avoid expensive information gathering expenses until such time as existing sources of data are fully utilised.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET the need to avoid devoting a large proportion of research resources towards policy development work which is essentially longer term. Here we see the case for working in collaboration with other parts of the Assembly on sustainable development and other planning research programmes, especially the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions. 6.2.6 In relation to the suggested research themes we consider that some priority should be given to strengthening the spatial dimension of Assembly policies and programmes. We also recognise the importance of the sustainable development agenda for planning and specific planning issues arising from the situation facing rural Wales. 6.2.7 The scale of programme envisaged creates the opportunity for a number of research projects to be commissioned. The size and duration of these will clearly vary depending upon the scope of the research required. However, based on experience from elsewhere we can envisage three main project categories.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET larger scale exceptional research projects costing in excess of, say, 100,000 and lasting a minimum of 9 months. Typically such projects would extend over more than one financial year, and in the ʶ context are likely to be focused on data collection, for example in relation to mineral planning.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET medium size projects of between say, 50,000 - 75,000, typically of 4 to 6 months duration. These are likely to focus upon the detailed examination of a specific aspect of policy e.g. rural housing policies.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET smaller scale projects of up to between say, 10,000 - 25,000 lasting up to 3 months. These are likely to be focused towards a more short term objective. This project is a good example of such an approach. 6.2.8 In addition, there would be advantage in putting in place an arrangement whereby the Assembly can place a call-off contract with a contractor to undertake a specific piece of work for information gathering or literature review on a topic requiring immediate attention. The cost of such a piece of work is unlikely to exceed 10,000, to be undertaken in a matter of weeks. The Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions already operates such a system. 6.2.9 We do not consider that it is appropriate to recommend a specific allocation between different project categories as there needs to be flexibility to respond to circumstances as they arise. However we would suggest that a proportion of the programme is earmarked to meet short term needs and that expedited procedures are put in place to enable work to be commissioned on a call-off basis. We would not recommend that the proportion of the budget devoted to this type of research should exceed 15% as there may be a tendency to use research resources as a substitute for core staff. 6.2.10 Clearly large scale research projects should only be commissioned if an exceptional case can be made given the proportion of the budget they are likely to consume. This suggests that the programme is likely to be built around an average of 6 to 9 small to medium sized projects each year. 6.3 Project Formulation 6.3.1 The process of formulating the programme needs to be guided by the agreed research framework. This clearly needs to be circulated both internally within the Planning Division and Assembly, and to potential external parties who are likely to be represented on the Planning Forum. Experience suggests that the identification of research needs involves a combination of top down thinking about policy needs and priorities and bottom up suggestions from those responsible for developing policy guidance and practices. 6.3.2 Given the focussed nature of the task facing the Assemblys Planning Division we do not believe that it is necessary to devise an over-elaborate approach to programme formulation. In essence what we would suggest is an annual round of bids for research funding involving all the branches of the Division. Bids would need to provide a brief outline of the research project demonstrating how it meets the objectives of the programme and, where appropriate, contributes to one of the three themes. 6.3.3 On the basis of these bids, and in consultation with other parts of the Assembly (and possibly other planning research programmes) the bids would be drawn up into a prioritised programme of research identifying the key research customer who would be responsible for managing the project. This recommendation reflects past experience which indicates that such an approach is likely to result in better value for money as it is likely to ensure that the objectives of the research will be met. 6.3.4 In preparing the Programme an element of over programming will be required as experience shows that research can be subject to significant slippage. In this regard it is important to plan a timetable for commissioning of projects throughout the year. This should ease problems which can arise in the management of research expenditure. 6.4Letting Research Contracts 6.4.1There are two specific sets of issues which need to be addressed by the process of letting research contracts. These are:  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET ensuring that the research specification is prepared in such a way as to deliver the required outputs; and  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET ensuring that the right contractor is selected to undertake the work. 6.4.2 Considerable care and a fair degree of skill and experience is required in preparing a research specification. Experience shows that woolly or over ambitious research aims and objectives contribute to poor research outcomes. On the other hand over prescriptive briefs limit the ability of contractors to develop cost effective or innovative responses. In these circumstances, research managers need to be given advice and, if necessary, training and support to assist them in the process of preparing a brief. It is important, however, that the temptation to delegate the task of brief preparation to someone who does not have a direct interest in the outcome of the research is avoided. 6.4.3 Appointing the right contractor depends critically upon identifying an appropriate list of invitees. Here a variety of approaches can be followed.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET open advertisement. This may be necessary in compliance with EC regulations although given the size of projects envisaged this is unlikely to be required except in exceptional circumstances.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET pre-qualification from a long list of potential contractors. This is the approach which is followed by DETR who invite expressions of interest against its published research programme on an annual basis. With hundreds of potential contractors this is a time consuming exercise, but one which is probably justified by the size of the programme. We would not recommend that the Assembly follow this approach.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET select tender. Here the approach is to identify a list of contractors with the necessary skills and experience to undertake the work envisaged. Drawing on the information held by DETR this is the approach currently followed by the Planning Division. It appears appropriate to the circumstances. 6.4.4 Discussions with officials of the Division indicate that the current procurement procedures operated by the Assembly may not be particularly well matched to the circumstances of research contracts. While recognising the need to operate a standard approach, we would recommend that the Assembly investigate a tailored approach to the procurement of all research contracts. In addition, new arrangements will need to be put in place if a decision is taken to establish call-off contracts with a number of organisations identified to deal with small, fast track research requirements. 6.5Resources for Programme Management 6.5.1 The management of the research programme and individual contracts will necessarily involve a significant commitment of staff resources. The tasks and likely level of effort involved in this is set out below. We envisage the programme management task involving the following:  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Preparation of Research Framework and Guidance on Size and Structure of Programme.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Dissemination of Research Framework internally and externally.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Contact with potential research partners and liaison with DETR on its programme.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Invitation of annual bids for research projects. Evaluation and discussion to produce a prioritised programme for approval.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Advice and support to policy customers/research managers in preparing research briefs and letting contracts.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Participation on research steering groups.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Managing and reporting on programme expenditure.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Monitoring the outcome of projects and organising appropriate dissemination of funding. 6.5.2 For a programme of the size envisaged we consider that this is likely to require a commitment of up to 0.75 of a person. This might be reduced over time as the programme is developed and operates on a more routine basis. However, this is likely to take at least one and a half to two years. 6.5.3 The level of commitment from individual research managers will vary according to the size of the research project, although generally small scale projects involve much the same amount of time at the commissioning stage. Experience suggests that the task of managing a project can involve somewhere between 0.2 and 0.3 of a person for its duration. On the basis that the programme could consist of between 6 and 9 projects, this could be the equivalent of, say 1.5 to 2.0 persons per annum. While it would undoubtedly be possible to deliver the research with less time input from Assembly staff we do not consider this to be advisable as it could diminish its utility. 6.5.4 While outsourcing the management of the research programme might be considered we do not believe that it would be appropriate given the direct link which needs to be established with the policy customer. This reflects the nature of planning research which is largely focused on the policy agenda, in contrast to more information or science based projects. This requires the day-to-day involvement of the Assemblys planning policy staff in the management of the research as envisaged in the management structure set out at Figure 2 overleaf. 6.5.5 Over time we believe that consideration should be given to moving towards a Central Research function serving the whole of the Assembly. This is the approach which has long been adopted by the Scottish Executive. This would encourage cross cutting research and promote the type of joined up thinking which the Assembly allows. However, in the short term we would recommend that the programme is managed on a divisional basis, provided that there is strong co-ordination with other programmes.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\managment_structure.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET  6.6Dissemination 6.6.1 While the primary customer of the research is envisaged as the policy customer, as explained part of the function of the Assembly is to encourage and guide others responsible for the management of Wales land or resources. In this regard it will be important to ensure that the research is effectively disseminated. This can be achieved by a number of means. However, increasingly we believe that use should be made electronic media. This is likely to prove accessible to the majority of those requiring access to and use of the research findings. 6.6.2 It is therefore recommended that a planning research page is included on the Assemblys developing web site. This would list planned and current research projects, and provide summaries of completed work. This is likely to prove more cost effective than producing and maintaining a stock of research reports 6.7 Monitoring and Evaluation 6.7.1 As research projects are completed it is recommended that the programme and research managers prepare a post mortem setting out an assessment of the project in terms of the extent to which it has met its aims and objectives. The identification of strengths and weaknesses associated with individual projects will also contribute to improved research management over time. It will also provide an input into periodic reviews of the programme. 6.7.2 It is recommended that periodic reviews are undertaken every three years. While these could be conducted internally good practice suggests that at least every alternate evaluation should be undertaken by an external contractor.  APPENDIX 1 PLANNING RESEARCH DATABASE Introduction In establishing the Wales Planning Research Programme it is critical to foster linkages with other research programmes. These links are necessary in order to prevent the duplication of research and identify opportunities for collaboration on research projects in order to derive best value from the programme. In order to derive the maximum benefit, the approach to data collection must be comprehensive, accurate and maintained in a format that can be readily updated and interrogated. Development of a planning database A pilot database has been established and is incorporated within this Appendix. An electronic copy of the database has also been provided on floppy disc. The database has drawn together available information on research projects of relevance to land use planning in Wales. An initial Summary Sheet identifies the organisations incorporated within the database, a key point of contact and a general review of the type of research that the relevant body is involved in. The remainder of the document is divided into the five key research themes that emerged as part of the consultation process. Within each theme a summary is provided of relevant research activity and the organisation involved. In cases where research is relevant to one or more themes it has been cross referenced. A range of external factors including information availability, accessibility and accuracy prevent the database from providing a comprehensive review of research activity. The approach is relatively difficult to manage and updating is time consuming. Further to this, the variations in the quality of information availability has the implication that data collection cannot be standardised. This has associated implications for designing a database that can be readily updated and interrogated. It is considered that the likely difficulties experienced in information gathering and database management compromise the effectiveness of the resource, and recommended that alternative means of capturing, filtering, up-dating and targeting research are considered. The options are:  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET use of existing providers of such services;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET developing the service in-house in the Assembly;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET collaborating on the development of a service with the University or other parties. There are pros and cons to be considered further. Option (i) offers the best option in the short term. The main established provider is The Planning Exchange. The Planning Exchange is an independent not-for-profit organisation, which the objective of distributing information, expertise and good practice with the intention of improving intelligence through information. The membership-based service provides information on request on subjects relating to urban and rural regeneration and development issues. The Information Request Service (ISLA) provides a weekly bulletin to members in print and electronic formats summarising all articles and documents relevant to identified topics. The full text of each document is stored by the Exchange and can be issued if requested within 36 hours. In addition to this, the Exchange can also undertake searches on specific topics as requested. The database is also available to members on the Internet for direct searching. Other services can be provided on a customised basis. ORGANISATIONS INCLUDED IN THE DATABASE Organisation Contact point Summary of activity Government Departments Department for Environment, Transport and the Regions http://www.detr.gov.uk Undertakes research programme which informs English and (to some extent) ʶ, planning policy and guidance Scottish Executive http://www.scotland.gov.uk Undertakes planning research programme informing Scottish planing policy and guidance Northern Ireland DoE http://www.nisra.gov.uk Undertakes limited research for the Northern Ireland DoE which feeds into planning policy and guidance Professional Groups Royal Town Planning Institute http://www.rtpi.co.uk Planning industry's professional body. Advises government departments on numerous planning policy issues Confederation of British industry http://www.cbi.org.uk Comments on policy Royal Institute of British Architects http://www.riba.org.uk Carries out research programme under three general themes, some overlap with planning policy Academic institutions University of Wales, Cardiff: City and Regional Planning Department; Cardiff University http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/uwcc/cplan Undertakes vast planning related research programme Institute of Rural Studies, Aberystwyth University http://www.wirs.aber.ac.uk/research Undertakes vast research programme relating to rural issues Oxford Brookes University http://www.brookes.ac.uk Undertakes vast planning related research programme Environmental Groups Campaign for Protection of Rural Wales http://www.cprw.org.uk Advises on policy affecting rural Wales and carries out some research Countryside Council for Wales http://www. ccw.gov.uk CCW is the government's statutory advisor on sustaining natural beauty, wildlife, promoting opportunities for outdoor enjoyment in Wales and its inshore waters Farming and Rural Conservation Agency http://www.maff.gov.uk FRCA is an executive Agency of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF), advising MAFF on a range of rural issues including land use planning Environment Agency http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk Carries out extensive research programme concerning a wide range of environmental issues including environmental planning issues Sustainability * 1999 research/ ** policy commentsOrganisation Research and Information  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Campaign for Protection of Rural Wales Sustainability and Local Agenda 21, What do they mean Wind power generation The cottage tradition maintaining a living heritage.  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET University of Wales: City and Regional Planning Department Accessibility and provision of public services in Wales Large traffic generators and land use planning Sustainable agriculture  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Environment Agency Energy and economic modelling* assessing the benefits of flood defence* the economics of conservation* sustainable development work based doctorate European collaboration: metropolitan greenbelt sustainable water management, planning for new homes UK biodiveristy action plan Best practice for pollution prevention from the construction industry environmental capital, implementation phase research management for sustainable development integrated and sustainable mixed farming Best practice for sustainable construction, part 1 the economic effect of environmental good practice Developments which pose the greatest risk to the environment The environmental impacts of development, - guidance for surveyors Towards sustainable European water management Green accounting, evaluation of environmental damage map wind power potential in Wales biodiversity and brown field sites biodiversity and planning promoting biodiversity through local strategies \biodiversity and design sustainable agriculture and biodiversity of farmland Jigso projects - community participation project delivering sustainable development Local distinctiveness initiative Urban wildlife news Devising Bio-geographical zones traditional field boundaries and biodiveristy protection of ancient woodland forestry restructuring involvement of disadvantaged groups in biodiversity  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Department for Environment, Transport and the Regions Reviewing the implementation of PPG6 sustainability appraisal of regional planning guidance assessing potential for housing development planning for employment land  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Scottish Executive thinkpiece on town centre uses monitoring retail development  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Royal Town Planning Institute Farming for the future  Rural Issues Organisation Research and Information  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Farming and Rural Conservation Agency Advises on regional strategies, structure and development plans as they affect agriculture and the rural economy  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  Countryside Council for Wales Policy Comments: Sustainable agriculture and biodiveristy of farmland Wrexham rural strategy common land legislation traditional field boundaries and biodiversity neglected field boundaries protection of ancient woodland Biodiversity of trees in the countryside Forestry restructuring Countryside recreational guidance for community transport schemes Recreational impacts on open country Codes of practice integrated access demonstration scheme Establishing public preferences for recreational facilities in the countryside Outdoor activity centres and environmental awareness  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Royal Town Planning Institute Policy Comments: Rural white paper Farming for the future EU Rural Development Regulation  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET University of Wales, Cardiff: City and Regional Planning Department Leisure in the countryside Sustainable agriculture Constructing indicators of rural disadvantage Rural development networks  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Oxford Brookes University Quality in town and country Spatial Planning Organisation Research and Information  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  Countryside Council for Wales Spatial impact of structural funds and other government policies Map wind power potential in Wales Inventory and regional atlas of traditional boundaries Mapping of access land Cultural Atlas Devising bio-geographical zones  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  University of Wales, Cardiff: City and Regional Planning Department Visualisation of urban form Simulation of urban growth and development Definition of town centres Accessibility and provision of public services in Wales Large traffic generators and land use planning Retail developments and property markets Improving Planning Knowledge Base; Organisation Research and Information  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Environment Agency Fisheries habitat inventory Development of methods for estimating missing artificial influence data Development of landfill gas emission monitoring protocols and an atmospheric reduction strategy Direct toxicity assessment method development Risk communication and perception for land contamination Review of best working practices in the use of natural and constructed wetlands for pollution control The use of new technology in assessing the state of the environment Guidance on site investigations for the improvement/expansion of waste management facilities Investigations of health impact in the vicinity of well characterised landfill sites  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Countryside Council for Wales Development patterns on the M4 corridor Cultural atlas Landmap advisory service Mapping of access land Development of land use allocation model to predict the effect of falling agricultural incomes on biodiversity Inventory and regional atlas of traditional boundaries Historic land uses and biodiveristy UK day visitors survey Establishing public preferences for recreational facilities in the countryside Transport advisory service Visitor surveys in protected landscapes Guidance on visitor surveys Visitor surveys Economic value of biodiversity in Wales Jobs and biodiversity in Wales Review of employment created by significant developments Charging for conservation  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET University of Wales, Cardiff: City and Regional Planning Department Mortality, morbidity, and deprivation in Wales Fertility, population growth and development Economics of transport investments  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET University of Wales, Aberystwyth: Institute of Rural Studies Evaluation and special landscape areas as a planning tool An index of sustainable economic welfare  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Oxford Brookes University Rail passenger surveys  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Department for Environment, Transport and the Regions Regional land markets and the planning system* Costs and benefits of urban design* Good practice guide on improving housing design* Producing a national set of town centre boundaries Land use stock survey Supply and location of future brownfield sites Impacts of the planning system on business Use of residential land and house prices as a planning tool Monitoring the code of practice on commercial leases  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Scottish Executive Evaluation of the effectiveness of National Planning Policy Guidance  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  Northern Ireland Department of the Environment Environment service report Northern Ireland housing and construction bulletin Northern Ireland housing statistics Northern Ireland Transport statistics Northern Ireland housing conditions survey Northern Ireland road and rail transport statistics bulletin Functioning of the planning system; Organisation Research and Information  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Environment Agency Management of the coast: the range of plans involved Feasibility for charging for application consultations  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET University of Wales, Cardiff: City and Regional Planning Department Constructing indicators of rural disadvantage definition of town centres Economic development and governance in Wales  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Oxford Brookes University Environmental appraisal of development plans strategic environmental assessment of the transport sector changes in the quality of environmental statements for planning projects in the UK  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Royal Town Planning Institute Policy Comments: New Links for the Lottery The feasibility of charging for developer consultations Coal mining and colliery spoil disposal Making the difference in Wales Best Value Indicators for Planning The National Assembly for Wales and Planning Functions: Priorities for action New Political structures for local government: Implications for planning Draft guidance on local transport plans in Wales Supply of groceries from multiple stores Operation and effectiveness of the structure plan process Local leadership: local choice Streamlining the processing of major projects through the planning system Role of central government at regional and local level Best Value in Local Government: Long term arrangements A better Wales  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Department for Environment, Transport, and the Regions Methodologies for assessing stores and leisure activities* Best practice in plan preparation and management of the plan preparation process* Outline planning permissions and reuse of planning permissions* Completion notes* Good practice guidance on dealing with fly posting* Environmental impact assessment manual* Delivering affordable housing via the planning system  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Scottish Executive, Development Department Monitoring retail development Experience of community councils as statutory councils Permitted development rights for telecommunications Research on one-stop shop arrangements for development related local authority functions   APPENDIX II LIST OF PROJECT CONSULTEES  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET National Assembly  Lindsay Roberts Planning Sue Martin Planning Lyn Owen Planning Jane Coppock Planning Nigel Hemmington Planning Kay Powell Planning Elaine Ancrum Planning Mike Harper Planning Teresa Davies Planning Chris Owen Transport Policy Keith Thomas Highways Robin Shaw Highways Julian Anderson Housing David Webb Environment Matthew Quinn Policy Unit Richard Keveren Industry and Training Alan Moss Industry and Training  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet3.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Non-National Assembly  Owain Wyn RTPI, Wales Planning Policy Officer Peter Midmore University of Wales, Aberystwyth: Institute of Rural Studies Gareth Williams House Builders Federation Mark Price House Builders Federation ʶ Planning Officers (collectively) ʶ Planning Officers Society Steve Spode ʶ Development Agency Rhys Dafis ʶ Language Board Rob Firth Royal Society of Architects in Wales Kevin Bishop University of Wales, Cardiff: City and Regional Planning Department Elizabeth Haywood Confederation of British Industry Graham Benfield ʶ Council for Voluntary Action John Lambert Environment Agency, Wales Merfyn Williams Campaign for the Protection of Rural Wales Keith Davies Countryside Council for Wales Julian Salmon Country Landowners Association (South and South West Wales) Peter Samuel Farming and Rural Conservation Agency Wales Dr Tony Prater Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Rhys Davies Planning Inspectorate, Wales Sian Thomas Federation of Small Businesses APPENDIX III REVIEW OF CONTRIBUTIONS TO EMERGING PUBLIC POLICY IN WALES i. Prior and subsequent to the formulation of the Assembly, a range of new policy guidance has been produced in order to inform the development of future policies for Wales. A brief review of some of the relevant policy documents and their key linkages to land use planning is set out below.Framework for a National Housing Strategy for Wales National Assembly for Walesii. Published in July 1999, and developed in partnership with the National Consultative Forum on Housing in Wales, the document sets out key issues for ʶ housing and options for consideration in determining and formulating housing policies and priorities. The document confirms the purposes of a National Housing Strategy, how it can be made to work and the contribution of housing to meeting the Assemblys overall aims and objectives. It also notes the need for housing strategies to integrate with UDP policies in order to ensure access to appropriate accommodation for all residents in Wales. Transporting Wales into the Future: ʶ Transport Policy Statementʶ Officeiii. The document stresses the importance of partnership with local authorities to develop policies tailored to meet the needs of Wales. The report notes that there is a need to upgrade the environment of existing urban areas, make best use of previously developed land, reduce the outflow of people in business from central areas, upgrade public transport links and facilities for cycling/walking. This will involve a variety of measures including environmental works and improved design, increased use of mixed development proposals and, accommodating local employment opportunities and better local services. Future planning guidance should provide policies for sustainable and integrated transport development to encourage transport by means other than the private car promote sustainable development locations and broaden the use of the sequential approach. Unitary development plans must reflect the differences between urban and rural areas and that they should be fully integrated with local transport plans. iv. The document also recommends a collaborative approach to addressing land-use and transportation issues on a cross authority basis in order to provide deliverable solutions. Proposals for a National Economic Development Strategy Wales European Task-Forcev. The draft document advises the National Assembly on how Wales can make better use of the new European structural fund programme. The document defines sustainable development for Wales as taking a strategic approach to the economy, which will address the social disadvantages faced by many, strengthen environmental quality and ensure a more competitive and productive businesses. The document is focused around five key themes as noted below: -  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET human resources;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET business and enterprise;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET sector initiatives;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET a competitive and environment;  INCLUDEPICTURE "Y:\\www.wales.gov.uk\\subiplanning\\content\\research\\Bullet1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET integrated development vi. The statement notes that in order to achieve sustainable development there must be a rigorous examination of the need for major infrastructure where.Rural Wales: A Statement by the Rural PartnershipRural Partnershipvii. The Rural Partnership is an advisory body comprising a number of bodies including CPRW, CBI, CCW, Forestry Commission, WDA and National Assembly. The statement outlines a comprehensive set of policy recommendations for rural Wales used in producing the Rural Development Plan for Wales. The statement notes that much of the socio-economic structure and social/cultural life in rural Wales is very different from urban areas. Therefore, policy must be developed to reflect the many disparate needs and priorities of rural Wales including population scarcity, inaccessibility and market weaknesses. The central theme of the document is to promote a sustainable society/economy/environment/and policy framework and that the Assembly Sustainable Development Scheme should cascade from national policy to local decision making. viii. The document notes that key priorities include reviewing planning guidance in Wales in order to ensure a distinctive ʶ approach to rural planning policy and notes six key elements of the planning process in relation to rural areas: countryside diversification to provide a variety of employment opportunities; development to benefit the rural economy and maintain/enhance the environment; new development should relate to existing settlement patterns and take account of historic and natural resources; re-use of existing rural buildings for economic purposes; protection of landscapes, natural resources, agricultural, ecological, geological, historic and recreational value; protection of the best agricultural land from development. Sustainable Development Policy ʶ Development Agencyx. The consultation document prepared in response to growing public awareness of sustainable development and the Governments commitment to integrate the principles into mainstream policy making and action. In terms of building sustainable communities, the document notes that the planning process has the potential to achieve more sustainable development patterns by limiting demands on land and the environment, reducing the need to travel and making the maximum re-use of previously developed urban land whilst ensuring that the need for development on greenfield site acknowledged as appropriate. In implementing the policy, the WDA note that they should work closely with unitary authorities to maximise the effectiveness of sustainability policies. There is also a need to collaborate with others in preparing a method to appraise the sustainability implications of development projects whilst taking full account of local and regional characteristics. The National Assembly for Wales and Planning Functions: Priorities for Action The Royal Town Planning Institute xi. The strategy document identifies seven key issues relating to the planning functions which must be addressed in short term by the National Assembly: - The importance of the planning functions in Wales under the National Assembly; Planning system must be linked effectively to overall social and economic policies and programmes; The need for an appropriate level of strategic land use planning; Effective performance by the National Assembly of its under the Town & Country Planning Act and the setting of a more proactive policy and strategy; Ensuring that Wales can play an appropriate role on the UK stage in primary policy making; Developing a distinctive and effective body of Planning Policy Guidance for Wales; and Partnership to ensure effective strategic action. xii. The document notes that the planning system offers the National Assembly a ready-made tool to help deliver its future economic and social programmes and spatial strategy. A separate planning system in Wales offers the chance for evolution of policies which take as much account as possible of the distinctive cultural and linguistic character of Wales as well as its general economic, social and environmental features. The document also notes concern that the Planning Divisions professional resources is at, or even, below a sensible minimum level to deal with the range of tasks to be dealt with. The greatest priorities to innovation will probably rely in simplifying/speeding up the UDP processes, addressing local authority planning issues, developing the information and research basis for policy development and tailoring policies to ʶ circumstance. APPENDIX IV PLANNING FORUM - MEMBERSHIP ʶ Local Government Association Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors Royal Town Planning Institute Royal Society of Architects in Wales ʶ Development Agency Wales Council for Voluntary Action Confederation of British Industry Business Wales House Builders Federation Country Landowners Association Countryside Council for Wales Environment Agency Wales Wildlife and Countryside Link Wales Consultants Forum Farming and Rural Conservation Agency National Assembly for Wales, Housing and Community Renewal Division National Assembly, Cadw National Assembly, European Affairs Division National Assembly, Urban and Rural Development Division Planning Inspectorate University of Wales, Cardiff (City and Regional Planning Department) Planning 18/09/00 )5DFGHr s t | ~   ллmлXXXCXCXCX)h hYB*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h hYB* CJOJQJ^JaJph2jhYhhB*CJOJQJU^JaJph2jhYhhB*CJOJQJU^JaJph2jhYhYB*CJOJQJU^JaJph)hYhYB*CJOJQJ^JaJph/hYhY5B*CJOJQJ\^JaJph-hYhYB*CJKH$OJQJ^JaJph)6DG  r t ~  P+ 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